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''Rain'' ((オランダ語:Regen)) is a 1929 Dutch short documentary film directed by Mannus Franken and Joris Ivens. It premiered on December 14, 1929, in the Amsterdam Filmliga’s theater, De Uitkijk. ==Historical significance and context == ''Regen'' has four key elements that have cemented its place in documentary history: its place in the long career of director Joris Ivens, the Dutch Film Canon, the City Symphony film movement, and the history of avant-garde documentaries. Joris Ivens lived from 1898 to 1989 and in that time created thirteen noteworthy documentaries, whose interrelation and evolution loosely model the trajectory of documentary film as a whole. Over his career, he made art films, commercial films, political documentaries, war (and indeed anti-war) documentaries. His final film, ''A Tale of the Wind'', was an autobiographical piece contemplating the divide between realism and fantasy. Additionally, Ivens was one of the inaugural voices of Dutch Film, establishing traditions in the form of content and formal effects that have continued to define films from the Netherlands. First among these is the painterly heritage of the Dutch. From the intimate realism of the Dutch Masters to Impressionism, Pointillism, and De Stijl, the Netherlands have a rich history of skilled and pioneering artists, including such household names as Rembrandt, Van Gogh and M. C. Escher.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hetwildeweten.com/history )〕 Ivens's attention to composition is demonstrative not only of his three-generation family history of photography, but of his national heritage as well. Dutch films are inward-looking, that is, they feature Dutch subjects, Dutch settings, and Dutch conflicts, to include a love-hate struggle with the elements that has been a part of Dutch culture as long as the canals and windmills on which the Netherlands depends. Ivens also established a tradition of craftsmanship in the form of a rigorous organization of shots that likely owes its effectiveness and visibility to Ivens’s belief in the conclusions of the Kuleshov-Pudovkin experiment.〔 The Pudovkin experiment led to one of the key tenets of Soviet Montage—that when cutting shots together, 2+2=5, which is to say a synthesis of two shots may incite a response independent of the response to either shot alone. ''Regen'' was one of the founding voices of avant-garde documentary, and perhaps the fullest realization of the filmic tradition of City Symphony. While often noted for their politics, the aesthetics of City Symphonies such as Alberto Cavalcanti’s ''Rien que les heures'' (1926), Walter Ruttmann’s ''Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis'' (1927), and Dziga Vertov’s ''Man with a Movie Camera'' (1929) also attempt to arrest the viewer’s perception and create a highly formalistic visual poetry. While striving for what amounts to peak formalism, ''Regen'' differs from other city films in that its focus is subtly shifted from city life to the rainstorm itself, and how it transforms the city. Its subjects are numerous and anonymous, and few shots identify the setting of the film as Amsterdam, focusing instead on raindrops, clouds, and other small details of the rain’s interaction with the city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rain (1929 film)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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